News of New Species - GASTROPODA

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BUCCINIDAE

Colubraria suduirauti Parth, 1999 (La Conchiglia 292: 33) - Shell up to 22 mm, very light weight, thin, almost transparent. Protoconch protruding, of 2.5 whorls. Teleoconch of 6 whorls, sculptured with a reticulated pattern of axial and spiral cords which become granulose at intersections. Siphonal canal short. Columella smooth, thickly calloused, with a strong tooth near the anal canal. Outer lip with about 15 inconspicuous denticles. Color whitish, with light-brown spots, mainly near the suture. It is known from a single specimen. Type locality: Balicasag Island, off Bohol, in 480-540 m.

Engina ryalli Rolan and Fernandes, 1995 (La Conchiglia, July-September 1995, p.6) - Shell brown, darker in suture. Angola to Ghana and Sao Tome Is.; only Engina in West Africa, so easy to identify. Compare to Mediterranean species Engina leucozona (Philippi) [= bicolor (Cantrain)] with a single whorl protoconch versus three for ryalli. Holotype: 15.3mm.

Pisania bernardoi Costa & dos Santos-Gomes, 1998 (Siratus, No.14 (February, 1998) p. 15) - The species can readily be distinguished from P. pusio by its small size, reaching only 19 mm. The body whorl of P. bernardoi is sculptured with alternate weak and strong spiral lines and is colored with irregular white spots on a dark-brown background. P. pusio has a smooth body whorl and is colored with dark brown spiral bands on a light-brown background, and has a narrow white band on the body whorl. While the new species has a smooth inner lip, P. pusio has denticles in the lower columella. The species inhabits the central Brazilian coast, from Espiritu Santo to northern Bahia State.

Siphonofusus somalicus Parth, 1999 (Spixiana 22(3):245) - Shell up to 71 mm, smooth, thick, with high spire; teleoconch with seven whorls, last whorl half the lenght of the shell. First two teleoconch whorls with axial sculpture, becoming weak axial lines on later whorls. Inner lip smooth, contrasting sharply with the columella, which has a strong denticle by the anal canal. Siphonal canal open and turned upwards only slightly. Strong varix on last whorl. Shell color tan, with irregular darker axial streaks. It differs from S. lubricus in having a straight siphonal canal, not bent to the right; in having a smooth shell without spiral sculpture; and in having axial sculpture only on first two teleoconch whorls. S. brunobrianoi has a considerably shorter siphonal canal, a weaker columellar denticle, a more rounded spire with stronger axial sculpture, and a lighter colored shell. The species was collected near Mogadishu, Somalia.

FASCIOLARIIDAE

Fusinus benjamini Hadorn, 1997 (La Conchiglia, Jan.-March, 1997, p.10) - Shell up to 187mm, with 15-16 evenly rounded whorls crossed by broad axial ribs. It is closest to F. eucosmius, from which it differs by its larger size and more numerous whorls and by having 5-10 weak irregular folds on the parietal callus. The author also cites differences in protoconch sculpture. This species has been collected in Barbados (type locality) and Guyana, in waters down to 195 meters deep.

Fusinus bocagei marcelpini Hadorn & Ryall, 1999 (Argonauta 13(1): 33) - It differs from F. b. bocagei (P. Fischer, 1882) by its larger size (over 35 mm), coarser sculpture, fewer axial ribs on early whorls (7, instead of 8-10), faster increase in diameter of whorls, and a thicker, olive coloured periostracum instead of the "greenish, transparent, thin" periostracum of F. b. bocagei. This subspecies is collected off Mauritania to Senegal in 300- 1000 m.

Fusinus boucheti Hadorn & Ryall, 1999 (Argonauta 13(1): 37) - Shell up to 45.8 mm, uniformly whitish, with 8-9 convex whorls; body whorl of adult specimens slightly keeled below suture, suture wavy. Protoconch conspicuously large, of 1.25 - 1.5 whorls, glossy, first whorl smooth, later developing coarse axial growth line and sharp axial riblets. It differs from F. bocagei bocagei in having a larger protoconch, a somewhat larger shell, a wider spire, a more curved siphonal canal, a larger number of axial ribs (10 -13 on penultimate whorl) with narrower interspaces between them, and a larger number of spiral cords. F. b. marcelpini is the same size but has a thicker, heavier shell, less numerous axial ribs (8-9 on penultimate whorl) with wider interspaces, and a less curved siphonal canal. The two subspecies differ from F. boucheti in radular morphology. F. sectus Locard, 1897 is much smaller, somewhat less elongated, has less constricted suture, and weaker spiral cords. The species inhabits the Atlantic coast of Morocco and Canary Islands, in 480-724 m.

Fusinus blakensis Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 27) - Shell white, fusiform, thin, up to 89.7 mm. Teleoconch with 10 well-rounded whorls, last 2 or 3 slightly double-keeled, ornamented with narrow, pronounced axial ribs, 8-10 on penultimate whorl, separated by interspaces about one and a half to two times wider than ribs. Spiral sculpture rather weak, most prominent on axial ribs. It is compared with F. schrammi , which has two rust-red bands, less convex whorls, and weaker, more numerous axial ribs. F. excavatus has a more elongated spire, broader axial ribs with less impressed interspaces, more numerous and stronger spiral cords and broader siphonal canal. F. halistreptus has weaker axial ribs on all whorls, with narrower, less impressed interspaces, weaker spiral cords and more elongated shell. F. stegeri has more numerous whorls which are never keeled, a longer spire and weaker and more numerous axial ribs, irregular on last two whorls. Type locality: Blake Plateau, north Bahamas, in 400-450 m.

Fusinus colombiensis Snyder & Snyder, 1999 (La Conchiglia 291: 21) - Shell up to 46.3 mm, heavy. Protoconch of one whorl, smooth, bulbous, translucent, pale yellow. Axial sculpture of 9-10 ribs, crossed by numerous prominent spiral cords, approximately 16 on last whorl, with grooves between them. Shell white, with dark brown axial stripes on or between ribs; grooves between cords either brown or white on ribs. It is closest to F. hartvigii Shuttleworth, l856; however, the spiral cords on the canal of the latter are alternately strong and very weak, while on F. colombiensis these cords are equal in strength. On F. hartvigii the axial ribs are always white with the area between colored orange-brown; on F. colombiensis the axial color bands bear no fixed relation to the ribs. The protoconch of the new species is approximately the size of the first whorl. In F. hartvigii the size of the protoconch is approximately 1/3 the size of the first whorl. Type locality: Cabo de la Vela, Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, in 30-80 m.

Fusinus coltrorum Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 28) - Shell up to 73.9 mm, white, fusiform, rather thin, of 9-10 whorls; upper whorls well-rounded, lower whorls strongly keeled at periphery, with concave shoulder slope, wavy suture and numerous fine growth lines on all whorls. Protoconch of 1.75 convex, flesh-colored whorls, sculptured with strong, coarse axial riblets and ending in a varix. This is the third known Recent member of the subgenus Helprinia, which is characterized by an entirely ribbed protoconch. It is closest to F. dowianus Olsson, l954, which has less numerous, stronger, broader and well-rounded axial ribs with smaller interspaces, and stronger spiral sculpture, especially on shoulder. Type locality: Florida Straits, in deep water.

Fusinus harveyi Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 29) - Shell up to 51 mm, solid, fusiform, with 10-11 strongly convex whorls; early whorls well-rounded, latter whorls strongly carinated with a wide shoulder. Protoconch of one whorl, white, last 1/4 with about 6 fine axial riblets and ending in a varix. Teleoconch ornamented with broad axial ribs, rounded on earlier whorls, 7-8 on penultimate whorl and becoming sharply angulate, labial rib strongest; spiral cords increasing in number from 4 in earliest whorl to 7-8 on penultimate whorl, medial spiral cord strongest, forming the periphery of a distinct keel, cords strongest when crossing axial ribs. The new species is closest to F. chocolatus (Okutani, 1983), from which it differs in its strongly carinated whorls, less numerous and more sharply angulated axial ribs, broader interspaces, and finer spiral sculpture in interspaces. Known only from off Barranquilla, Colombia, in 329-403 m.

Fusinus josei Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 30) - Shell white, elegantly slender, up to 98 mm, light in weight, semitranslucent. Teleoconch with 10 rounded whorls, strongly constricted at sutures; earlier whorls with strong, narrow axial ribs, ribs beginning to fade after third whorl, first from anterior half and later from posterior, completely disappearing after fifth whorl; spiral sculpture of strong cords, with spiral threads appearing between cords on third whorl, spiral ornamentation crossed by numerous growth lines giving the surface a cancellate appearance. The new species resembles F. meyeri (Dunker, 1869) from West Africa, from which it differs by having a smaller shell, less numerous whorls, less numerous axially ribbed whorls, finer spiral sculpture, and a uniformly white shell. Type locality: Florida Straits, in approximately 400 m.

Fusinus kazdailisi Fraussen & Hadorn, 2000 (NOVAPEX 1(1): 15) - Shell dirty gray, brown or reddish-brown, up to 57 mm, solid, fusiform. Protoconch decollate, closed by a septum. Upper teleoconch whorls with 8-14 rather strong, narrow axial ribs, ribs traversing from suture to suture, becoming weaker on later whorls, finally disappearing. Whorls densely covered with fine, sometimes slightly curved growth lines. Spiral sculpture of 7-9 rounded cords on first remaining teleoconch whorl, separated by deep and narrow spaces; cords diminishing in strength and increasing in number; last whorl with 64-79 spirals of different strengths. F. valdiviae Hadorn & Fraussen, 1999 is more slender in general shape, has a broader aperture, and a longer siphonal canal. The buccinid A. castillai lacks the microsculpture of F. kazdailiesi, is larger in size, and has a more ventricose body whorl. Type locality: Ecliptic Bank, Nazca Ridge, off Chile, in 110-1200 m.

Fusinus marcusi Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 31) - Shell fusiform, up to 102 mm. Teleoconch with 11-12 shouldered whorls, distinctly keeled, slightly concave at shoulders. Protoconch bulbous, porcellaneous white, glossy, of 1-1.25 whorls, last portion strongly sculptured with 12-15 narrow axial riblets. Axial ribs narrowly spaced on first whorls, later becoming broader, 11-13 on penultimate whorl, evanescing towards sutures and becoming peripheral knobs. Spiral ornamentation of four cords on early whorls, two anterior cords strongest, forming a double keel (later becoming single) at periphery of whorls when crossing peripheral knobs; faint spiral threads appearing on shoulders. Shell white, yellowish or pale orange; axial ribs white or yellowish, interspaces often reddish-brown, darker on spiral ribs. Parietal callus strongly developed and conspicuously detached anteriorly. It is compared with the columbariid species Fulgurofusus timor Harasewych, 1983, and with Fusinus stegeri Lyons, l978, F. excavatus (Sowerby, 1880), and F. halistreptus (Dall, 1889). Type locality: Off north Matanzas Province, Cuba, in 366-421 m.

Fusinus rutilus Nicolay and Berthelot, 1996 ( La Conchiglia, January-March, 1996, p. 25) - Shell typical for the genus. It is closest to F. caparti, from which it differs by being smaller, never exceeding 200 mm; by having axial ribs colored reddish-brown; by having a wider apical angle by one degree; by having axial sculpture prevailing over spiral; and by having a darker and thinner operculum. The species is sympatric with F. caparti, and has been collected off Gabon, West Africa.

Fusinus thompsoni Hadorn & Rogers, 2000 (Argonauta 14(1): 32) - Shell up to 13.6 mm, whitish, fusiform, semitranslucent. Protoconch 0.8-0.9 mm in diameter, of 1.75 whorls, first 1/2 whorl smooth and glossy, later becoming axially ribbed. Teleoconch with 7-8 axial ribs, interspaces as broad as ribs; spiral cords of different intensity, somewhat stronger when crossing ribs, 6 on later whorls. The new species is most similar to F. aepynotus (Dall, 1889), which is larger, has stronger and less numerous spiral cords, more numerous and broader axial ribs, and a protoconch of 1.25 whorls, smooth, with a few strong axial riblets anteriorly. It is also compared with F. amphiurgus, F. alcimus, F. benthalis, F. rushii and F. vitreus. Type locality: off Cape Florida, E. Florida, in 154 m, on green mud.

Fusinus transkeiensis Hadorn, 2001 - (Argonauta 14(2): 49)- Shell small, up to 20 mm, fusiform, light in weight, with nearly flat, close-set spiral sculpture. Protoconch diameter 1.0-1.4 mm. Suture conspicuously and deeply channeled. Shell brownish with some irregular darker red-brown colored spots on shoulder. It is closest to the South African F. africanae (Barnard, 1959), but can be separated by the larger adult size of the latter, the non-channeled suture, the larger number of axial ribs, the clearly stronger spiral cords, and by the cospicuously large embryonic whorls. F. hayesi Snyder, 1996 is also larger, has stronger axial ribs and spiral sculpture, a non-channeled suture, and a much larger protoconch. Type locality Transkei, eastern Cape Province, South Africa, in 90 m.

Latirus beckyae Snyder, 2000 (The Nautilus 114(4):161) - Shell to 54 mm, broadly fusiform, biconic, moderately heavy, with prominent axial and spiral sculpture. Protoconch with 1.75 to 2 smooth, bulbous, white, translucent whorls, with axial sculpture and shoulder developing in last 1/4 whorl. Color dense caramel-tan, with cream spiral cords and threads. It is similar to L. varai Bullock, 1970, but differs from it mainly by its smaller, differently colored shell, and by having half as many strong spiral cords. L. cuna Petuch, 1990, is usually bright orange or yellow, and broader overall with a proportionately shorter canal than L. beckyae. Type locality: Off Espírito Santo Estate, Brazil, in 30-50 m.

COLUBRARIIDAE

Colubraria sunderlandi Petuch, 1995 (La Conchiglia, April-June, 1995, p.39) - Unique so far, from Jamaica, where it has been collected under coral slabs in 20 meters of water. Shell almost smooth, shiny, somewhat translucent, with varices aligned along only one side. Somewhat similar to C. obscura (Reeve), it differs in being much more slender, thinner and smoother, and lacking any beaded cords.; varices occur every 360° instead of every 180°. Holotype: 27mm.

Metula bozzettii Parth, 1990 (La Conchiglia, January-March, 1990, p.12) - Shell light in weight and up to 73.5mm in length; ground color beige-cream, interrupted by darker, equidistant bands (4 in body whorl) which continue with the same intensity as far as the varix of the external lip. According to the author, this charcteristic differentiates it from other Metula, where the apertural varix is generally lighter. It also differs from other Metula in its large size. The exception is M. boswellae, a sympatric species which, however, is different in form, pattern and sculpture. The species lives in deep water off the coast of Somalia.

Metula parthi Bondarev, 1997 (La Conchiglia 29(283): 16) - Shell up to 36.2 mm, swollen, fusiform. Aperture ovate-elongate, outer lip bearing 13-20 teeth; columella greatly recurved. Teleoconch sculpture made up of raised spiral and axial grooves which form a granulated sculpture. The firstsubsutural spiral groove is more pronounced, creating a subsutural granulose cord. Color, creamy-white, teleoconch whorls with one brown band flanked on both sides by spiral rows of darker-colored brown streaks on squarish flecks, which sometime result in tessellated markings; body whorl with three brown spiral bands. The type locality is the Chagos Plateau, Indian Ocean, where the species was dredged in 210-216 m.

NASSARIIDAE

Nassarius compertus Fernandez-Garces, Espinosa & Rolan, 1990 (Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., 1990, p. 59) - Shell up to 3.2 mm, chestnut, with a lighter band in the middle of the whorls. The authors presume this to be an endemic species because it has paucispiral protoconch of only one and one half whorls and a large nucleus (0.3mm ). It is compared, among others, to N. albus (Say), which is larger and has spiral cords that are closer together and more numerous. The type locality is Cienfuegos Bay, south-central Cuba.

Nassarius dekkeri Kool, 2001 - (Vita Marina 47(4): 167)- Very similar to Nassarius delicatus (A. Adams, 1852). A distinguishing feature of this species is the brown markings, strongest at dorsum, sometimes consisting of chainlike spirals, which might be interrupted by the ribs, sometimes of only fine zigzag lines between the ribs. The protoconch of N. delicatus, in contrast with that of N. dekkeri, has a prominent carina, is flatter, and slightly transparent, and has a different decoration. The varix on the outer lip of N. delicatus is less round and more or less flat on the dorsal side. The whorls of N. dekkeri are more strongly shouldered; the columella is smoother. This species seems to be confined to the northern and central parts of the Red Sea. The holotype, a beach specimen, comes from the Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai, Egypt.

Nassarius hansenae Kool, 1996 (Vita Marina 44(1­2): 42) ­ Shell up to 12 mm; brown, with a white to grayish aperture. Protoconchs damaged but consisting of at least two brownish whorls. Teleoconch with a subsutural single, continuous, flattened spiral cord "so that the suture appears only as a fine spiral groove" above the cord. It is compared with Hebra corticata, from which it differs by the "absence of knobs and spines on the ribs." Type locality is Dore Bay, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, but the species extends at least to New Caledonia and northeast Australia.

Nassarius harryleei García, 2001 - (Novapex 2 (1): 25) - Shell very small, up to 4 mm in length, white, solid. Protoconch of 3.5 white, smooth, convex whorls. Teleoconch of 3.25 whorls, earlier whorls flat, last whorl angled at periphery; sculpture with sharp, widely spaced axial ribs, 12 on penultimate whorl, axial ribs with nodules at either end, ribs terminating at top of dorsum of last whorl, evanescing basically. Siphonal canal very wide; siphonal fasciole practically absent. It is the smallest of all known Panamic Nassarius. It is compared with four of its closest Panamic relatives from which it differs in size, general shape, and sculpture. Type locality: Golfo de Chiriquí, southwestern Panama, in 270- 360 m, in muddy bottom.

Nassarius lochi Kool, 1996 (Vita Marina 44(1­2): 44) ­ Shell up to 12 mm, elongate­ovate, shiny, with well defined but not canaliculate suture. Protoconch of 2.5 milky white whorls. Outer lip thickened, but not variced, interior prominently lirate. It is compared with N. shacklefordi Melvill and Standen, from which it differs by having an entirely smooth surface, a more elongated shell, less bulbous and with a less impressed suture. The type locality is Dore Bay, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, but the species is found from the Philippines to Queensland, Australia.

Nassarius (Plicarcularia) moolenbeeki Kool, 1995 (Basteria (59), 1995, p.12) - The shell measures 9.5 to 13mm; white to cream with two brown bands on spire whorls; body whorl with grey subsutural and broad dark gray peripheral band. It is very similar to N. callospira (A.Adams) from which it differs by having more granulose ribs, a prominent dorsal hump, a narrower anal canal, a varix partly granulated, partly covered by the callus shield and an orange-brown blotch on the siphonal canal. The type locality is Vanuatu but it can be found at least to the Moluccas.

Nassarius (Telasco) smitsorum Kool, 1990 (Basteria, Vol. 54, 1990, p.171) - Dark brown to cream, ranging in size from 8 to 21mm; shell smooth except for spiral grooves in the body whorl. It is compared with N. fraudator Cernohorsky, l980, from which it differs by being more elongated and by not having axial ribs on the body whorl. It is also compared with N. reeveanus, which differs by having crenulations below the suture, axial ribs and spiral striae in the first two to four postnuclear whorls and a more pronounced parietal tooth. Cernohorsky believes the new species to be a slender form of reeveanus but Kool states that the reeveanus and smitsorum live sympatrically without intergrades. It is known only from West Irian, Papua-New Guinea.

COLUMBELLIDAE

Anachis (Suturoglypta) blignautae Kilburn, 1998 (Apex 13(4): 155) - Shell up to 11.2 mm, fusiform, with a produced, somewhat dorsally bent anterior end, suture shallow; axial ribs strong, 12-13 per whorl, projecting most at periphery of last whorl, evanescing on base, crossed above and below suture by a spiral thread, which makes spire whorls look almost flat-sided; base of last whorl with 14 spiral threads; aperture half length of shell, with smooth margins. Pale pinkish-orange, ribs and subsutural region white, protoconch with a brown spot. It is compared with Columbella chuni Thiele, 1925, from which it differs in its non-shouldered whorls, flat-sided, sharper spire and much more elongate base and aperture. Type locality: Off Richards Bay, continental slope of Zululand, in 600 m.

Columbella marrae García, 1999 (Apex 14(3-4):59-65)- Shell thick, typically columbelloid; up to 9.6 mm in length. Shell tan, with irregular nebulous areas either white or pale violet, with freckled tan markings. Outer aperture yellow; pale lavender inside. The small size separates this species from most Panamic species of Columbella. The closest species is C. sonsonatensis (Mörch, l860). However, that species has sharper columellar denticles, is narrower, the shell is white, streaked with blackish-brown markings, and has a white lip and aperture. C. sonsonatensis prefers an intertidal, muddy environment while C. marrae inhabits deeper water, on a coralline substratum. Type locality: Islas Secas, Golfo de Chiriquí, southwestern Panama. Dredged in 24-37 m.

Zafra geyserensis Drivas and Jay, 1997 (Apex 12(1): 35) ­ Shells 2 mm; spire height almost equal to aperture. Teleoconch of 4 shouldered whorls, sculptured with 16 axial ribs on last whorl; seven spiral ridges at base of body whorl. Three denticles on outer lip. Upper part of whorls "lacteous­white," lower part yellowish­grey with a single darker band on lowest part of body whorl. Base white. It differs from Z. troglodytes (Souverbie) in its smaller size, more angular whorls and rounded protoconch (carinated in Z. troglodytes). Distribution: Mahe Island, Seychelles and Banc du Geyser., in 15 meters.

Pyreneola lozoueti Drivas and Jay, 1997 (Apex 12(1): 34) ­ Shell to 4.4 mm; spire somewhat higher than aperture. Protoconch of about 1.5 whorls. Teleoconch of 6 whorls. Surface smooth except for 5 spiral ridges on base of body whorl. Color greenish­white, sometimes with a spiral row of small white blotches just above whorl sutures and in the middle of body whorl; a second, larger row may also appear on lower part of body whorl. On all specimens studied, the intervals between spiral ridges are tinted pale violet. It is compared with other Pyreneola which, among other differentiating characteristics, have different color markings. The species is collected around the Seychelles Islands.

Nassarina thetys Costa and Absalao, 1998 (Basteria 62 (5-6):277) -Shell up to 8.54 mm, light to dark brown in color. Protoconch globose, smooth, with 2.5 whorls. The main diagnostic character of the new species is the presence of spiral cords that increase gradually as the shell grows; and the spacing between these cords, which also increase gradually in width. It is closest to N. metabrunnea, which has a larger shell and 3.3 whorls. The type locality is off Guarapari, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in 20-30 m of water.

Mokumea zeleensis Drivas and Jay, 1997 (Apex 12(1): 36) ­ Height of spire equal to aperture, fusiform; teleoconch with 4 whorls with indistinct protoconch and rounded apex. Outer surface smooth except for 11 spiral ridges on base of body whorl. Columella and outer lip smooth. Color plain pale brown except for one porcellaneous­white, narrow, spiral band just under the suture. Among other differentiating characteristics, this coloration distinguishes it from its closest look-alikes: M. parvula, M. divaricata and M. albovittata. The species is collected around the Seychelles area from 3­30 meters.

Pyrene morrisoni Willan, 2001 - (Vita Marina 47(4): 185)- Shell to 17.6 mm; protoconch and first 2 1/4 teleoconch whorls uniformly vivid rose pink; tabulated. Immediately recognizable by its bulliform shape resulting from the expanded adapical portion of the outer lip, reaching level with protoconch in height; flattened spire; pattern of rich chestnut-brown axial lines; and lilac-purple aperture. Holotype collected at Money Shoal, Arafura Sea, NNE of Cape Croker, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, in 12 m.

HARPIDAE

Harpinae
Austroharpa learorum Hart & Limpus, 1998 (La Conchiglia 30(289): 53) -Holotype 22 mm; shell ovate, ventricose. Spire of moderate height with minimally impressed suture. Apex white to cream, later whorls cream to tan, with red-brown banding and spotting confined to the axial ribs. It is closest to A. punctata and A. wilsoni, both having delicate axial ribs. The axial ribs of the new species are more robust than the former two species and more prominent throughout the body whorl; and the striking cancellate ornamentation of the body whorl found in A. punctata and A.wilsoni is not evident in A. learorum. Only two specimens are known so far. Type locality: Central Great Australian Bight, at 140 m.

Moruminae
Morum vicdani Emerson, 1995 (Apex, September, 1995, p.95) - Similar to Morum grande (A. Adams), but the new species differs in having a more fusiform outline and a much less dense shell, with fewer axial ribs (10 to 12 vs. 17 to 19) and a thinner, less pustulose parietal shield; and with the exterior edge of the outer lip non-crenulate at maturity. The species was trawled off Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean, in about 200 meters.

MITRIDAE

Mitrinae
Mitra (Mitra) brinkae Salisbury, 1996 (Apex 11(2): 83) ­ Shell up to 53 mm, fusiform, aperture less than half that of the total length. Superficially almost smooth, first 5­6 whorls sculptured with 5 shallow, punctate spiral grooves, becoming obsolete by the 5th or 6th whorl; subsutural sculpture consists of very fine, pliculate riblets. Pale flesh color with occasional faint, diffuse, yellow­brown, longitudinal bands and streaks. It is compared with the southern Australian species Mitra glabra, which is larger, wider, tan in coloration and sculptured with shallow spiral grooves which are often stained dark­brown. It is also compared with M. declivis. Neither M. declivis nor M. glabra possess the subsutural plicules of the new species. Distribution: Outer continental shelf of SE Africa, from Zululand to NE Transkei.

Mitra (Nebularia) dovpeledi Turner, 1997 (Argonauta 11(1­6): 5) ­ Shell up to 32 mm, distinguished from the other species of the family "by its unique color pattern of spiral rows of strawberry­red spots restricted to the crest of strong spiral cords on a rosy­white and regular fusiform shell." It is compared with M. fraga, which has different coloration, is more ovate, has a normal groove between the first and second spiral cord (wider in n.sp.), and has rounded cords (flattened in n.sp.). It seems to be endemic to the Red Sea. (Caution: The year on the cover of Argonauta says 1996 but it was not published until 1997.)

Mitra (Nebularia) poppei Suduiraut, 2000 (NOVAPEX 1(1): 25) - Shell brownish-orange, with lighter spots subsuturally in the last two whorls; inconspicuous lighter flammules on body whorl; and a pale tan aperture. It is compared to M. (N.) suturata Reeve, 1845, from which it differs by having a more fusiform shape, narrower aperture, brownish-orange color and larger size. M. poppei differs of M. (N.) rubiginosa Reeve, 1844 by having an aperture shorter than the spire and 23-24 spiral cords in the last whorl vs. 18-19 for M. (N.) rubiginosa. Type locality: Talikud Island, Davao, Mindanao, Philippines, in 240- 300 m.

Cylindromitrinae
Pterygia purtymuni Salisbury (La Conchiglia 30(289):45) -Shell to 20 mm, white, straw-yellow, or tan in color. It is compared to P. glans (Reeve, l844), but is smaller, not as elongate, lighter in color, and ornamented with much finer nodules. It is also close to P. radula, which is also larger than the new species, more elongated, and somewhat smoother. Type locality: Maalea Bay, Maui, Hawaii, in 40 m. It is limited to the Hawaiian Islands.

Imbricariinae
Scabricola condei Guillot de Suduiraut, 2001 - (Novapex 2(1):21) - Shell up to 34.2 mm. Protoconch of 2.5 whorls, smooth, translucent. Color rosy-peach, subsutural band orange-brown with whitish spots on spiral cords, 2 bands equally colored on last whorl, one at the level of the parietal angle, the second at posterior third, both bands visible inside aperture. Periostracum transparent. It is compared with S. vicdani, which has a shorter spire, 13-14 spiral cords instead of 16-17 in the new species, a longer aperture, and different coloration. Type locality: Balicasag Id., Panglao, Bohol, Philippine Islands, in 140- 160 m, in sand and coral rubble.

Scabricola dampierensis Salisbury & Heinicke, 1998 (La Conchiglia 30(287):17) -Shell up to 40 mm, solid and heavy, with the body whorl taking from two-thirds to three-quarters of its total length. Color whitish to pale fawnish-brown underneath a thin and translucent periostracum. Just below the suture, on the wide, white shoulder area, there are some characteristic dark reddish-brown spots. On the body whorl there are two indistinct, broad, brown bands. The new species has been confused with M. lacunosa Reeve, l844, which is more slender, has rounded shoulders, wide-spaced, deeply punctate spiral grooves and different markings. Type locality: Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia.

COSTELLARIIDAE

Thala africana Rolan & Fernandes, 1995 (Argonauta, September, 1995, p.19) - Only one species of Thala, T. pleurotomoides E.A.Smith, l890, has been described from the West African Coast. T. pleurotomoides differs from the new taxon by having a straighter spire, a more convex body whorl and less numerous axial ribs; 16 in pleurotomoides versus 25-30 in africana. While the new taxon has four columellar folds and ten denticles, T. pleurotomoides has 2 columellar folds and 6 denticles. The species has been collected from Sao Tome Island to Angola, in 4-20 meters.

Vexillum (Costellaria) blandulum Turner, 1996 (Argonauta 11(1­6): 6) - Shell up to 20 mm; "distinct from the other Costellariidae by its unique combination of a slender, biconical shape; angulated whorls with c. 60 degree sloping shoulder; well developed, moderately wide­spaced axial ribs; and a uniformly creamy­white shell." All known specimens are from the northern Red Sea, living, with one exception, in depths of 1­6 meters. (Caution: The year on the cover of Argonauta says 1996 but it was not published until 1997.)

Vexillum (Costellaria) gorii Turner, 1996 (Argonauta 11(1­6): 8) - Shell up to 20 mm; "distinguished by its turreted shell with rather coarse costellarid sculpture; aperture much shorter than spire; lilac or mauve colored shell­base, aperture and subsutural band (or row of blotches); remaining shell white." It is compared with V. modestum, which has a sloping subsutural ramp, angulated shoulders; a more crispy, reticulate sculpture and different coloration. It is distributed from Somalia to Mozambique and Masirah Is., Oman; and usually dredged in 45 to 100 meters. (Caution: The year on the cover of Argonauta says 1996 but it was not published until 1997.)

Vexillum (Costellaria) leucophryna Turner & Marrow, 2001 - (Novapex 2(2): 43)- Shell up to 18 mm, white apex with three white zones (subsutural, peripheral and subperipheral) as well as whitish axial ribs on an otherwise brown body whorl. This color pattern allows identification at first glance of most specimens. Other differentiating characteristics are widely spaced axial ribs with smooth ridges and an extended shell base with stretched and notchless siphonal canal. Type locality, off Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, in 140-160 m, in tangle nets, on sand.

Vexillum (Costellaria) pyropus Turner & Marrow, 2001 - (Novapex 2(2): 46)- Shell up to 24 mm, fusiform elongate; aperture shorter than spire. White, whorls with a subsutural zone of irregular gold- bronze to brown blotches and dashes, distinctly restricted to the zone from the sutures to the fifth spiral groove; the seventh spiral groove marked with a fine golden-brown line, invisible on only a few faded specimens; body whorl with two additional zones of golden-bronze to brown dashes, one below the periphery and the other on the shell base covering the siphonal fasciole. It is compared with V. (C.) macandrewi (Sowerby II & III, 1874), from the Red Sea. Type locality, off Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, in 140-240 m.

Vexillum (Costellaria) sauternesense Guillot de Suduiraut, 1997 (Apex 12(4): 117) - Shell up to 43.7 mm, fusiform, elongated. The prominent axial costae and spiral cords form tubercles as they cross, giving the shell a latticed appearance. Aperture shorter than the spire. Cream colored, with a brownish­orange band at the periphery and another anteriorly. It is closest to V. (C.) takakuwai, from which it differs by having more convex whorls, a deeper suture and more oval aperture, and by having 30­31 axial costae and 13­14 spiral cords in the last whorl, versus 22­23 axial and 15­16 spiral for V. takakuwai. Type locality: Strait between Mactan Island and Olango Island, Cebu, Philippines, in 160 meters.

Vexillum (Costellaria) stossieri Turner & Marrow, 2001 - (Novapex 2(2): 48)- Shell up to 28 mm, elongate fusiform; base truncated. Conoidal protoconch of 3.5 convex, smooth whorls. Color reddish-brown subdivided into a typical arrangement of lighter colored to white spiral bands, one distinctive white band on teleoconch whorls positioned at the level of the 5th-6th spiral groove; body whorl with an additional, but narrower white band emerging just at the white callus-tooth within the posterior apeture angle; interspaces of axial ribs on some whorls sporadically shaded darker brown. V. (C.) hilarae, from Japan and the Philippines, is smaller, less truncated and predominantly white with three brown zones of approximately equal width. Type locality, North Transkei, South Africa, in about 100 m.

Vexillum (Costellaria) vespula Turner & Marrow, 2001 - (Novapex 2(2): 45)- Shell relatively thin, up to13 mm, surface shiny. Shell white; spiral whorls with two broad, yellow spiral zones, where the interstices of the axial ribs are accentuated by dark brown; body whorl with three yellow bands; two broad grooves of the siphonal fasciole and interstices of the columellar folds also flared with dark brown; outer lip and aperture predominantly dark brown, with two white interruptions reflecting outer coloration. V. (Pusia) discolorium (Reeve, 1845) is more globose in shape and has fewer and broader axial ribs, which are crenulated by more numerous spiral grooves. Type locality, off Panglao Island, Bohol, Philippines.

Vexillum (Costellaria) vicmanoui Turner & Marrow, 2001 - (Novapex 2(2): 49)- Shell up to 50 mm, elongate fusiform with a shiny surface. Protoconch of 3, strongly convex, smooth whorls. Aperture equal in height to spire. First 3 to 4 spire whorls white; later whorls mostly brown with a distinctive white band, bordered on either side by irregularly arranged white and brown blotches; lower half of body whorl with a distinctive second, and an indistinct third, white band; axial ribs frequently flared white; brown shell coloration shining through on outer lip and between columellar plicae. The large size of the species differentiates it from most other Costellaria. It generally resembles V. (C.) takakuwai Cernohorsky & Azuma, 1974, but this species is smaller, has a relatively shorter aperture, less shiny surface, distinctly nodulose axial ribs and a different color pattern. Type locality, off Talikud Island, Davao Bay, Mindanao, Philippines, in 130-150 m.

OLIVIDAE

Amalda northlandica Hart, 1995 (World Shells, June, 1995, p. 83) - The actual description of this species is a comparison with close New Zealand relatives: A. northlandica is narrower than A. depressa and has a higher spire. It is slightly larger than A. novaezelandiae, has a more inflated body whorl and a slightly shorter spire. "The striking difference occurs in the coloration of the body whorl. In A. northlandica the last adult whorl has a cream/yellow background with a very distinct broad, central, dark-brown band. This is not found in A. novaezelandiae." The species is confined to the east coast of Northland, North Island, New Zealand, and grows up to 17mm.

Ancillista depontesi Kilburn, 1998 (Apex 13(4): 156) - Shell up to 20.4 mm, cuneiform with bluntly rounded apex, rather flat-sided spire and wide anterior end; base of columella broad and straight, not twisted, nor defined by an anterior faciolar groove; primary spire callus thin, covering body whorl, slightly indented where it covers suture and forming a low ridge above suture, without distinct microscopic granules although these are present on the thin, secondary callus pad at end of penultimate whorl and on columella; off-white with a milky-white zone below suture, followed by a narrow light to dark orange-brown band. It bears little resemblance to any of its congeners. Type locality, Off Kenton-on-Sea, eastern Alcoa Bay, in 101 m.

Oliva mascarena Tursch & Greifeneder, 1996 (Apex 11(1): 1) ­ This species is part of the Oliva miniacea complex. The ground color of ALL parts of the shell is ivory white or brilliant white. It differs from O. atalina by never having orange and blue double dots; from O. concinna by lacking the suprafasciolar pattern and the columellar tip coloration typical of that species; from O. hirasei by not possessing the broad, unadorned shoulder zone and the broadly streaked color pattern; from O. miniacea miniacea by lacking the orange to beige aperture; from O. m. flammeacolor by lacking the deep beige aperture color; from O. m. tremulina by lacking the suprafasciolar pattern typical of this subspecies; from O. ponderosa by lacking the pale pink or orange aperture and from O. sericea by lacking the cream aperture. More differentiating characters are offered for each of the above. The readers are urged to go to the original description. The authors also offer some morphometric values for O. mascarena but state that "none of these values, if taken alone, will ensure secure identification." The species is widely spread in the western Indian Ocean, from the Seychelles to Mozambique.

Oliva ouini Kantor and Tursch, 1998 (Apex 13(3): 131) - Shell up to 17 mm, yellowish cream to whitish, with a fine pattern of brown zigzag lines, in many cases coalescing into nearly solid brown zones. The shells of this new species somewhat resemble juvenile specimens of the highly variable Oliva oliva. The new species is separated from O. oliva by morphometric analysis of the shell and a study of the soft parts. Type locality: Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea, in grey sand in 6-7 m. Although originally found at this locality only, the new species has recently been found in Vanuatu.

VOLUTIDAE

Alcithoe davegibbsi Hart, 1999 (La Conchiglia 291:56) - Shell up to 60 mm, ovate. Protoconch mamillate, of 2 1/2 whorls, immersed in first teleoconch whorl. Teleoconch of 4 whorls, sculptured with poorly developed axial ribs. Base color reddish-tan overlaid with zigzag dark brown parallel markings, and with 3 darker oblique broad bands visible on body whorl only. It is compared with a A. fusus hedleyi (Murdoch & Suter, l908) (= A. fusus haurakiensis Dell, l956), with which it is sympatric, and from which it differs by having a broader, more squat shell, much less developed axial ornamentation, and a larger, mamillate protoconch. The new species does not reach the 75 mm size of A. fusus hedleyi. Type locality: Spirits Bay, Northland, northern New Zealand, in 43 m.

Cymbiola palawanica Douté & Bail, 1999 (La Conchiglia 293:31) - Shell up to 110 mm, crossed by three revolving bands, normally with these characteristics: a subsutural band of coarse, square, tomato-red blotches; a median dark-red reticulated band showing through the creamy background like small snowflakes and giving a 'nivosa' appearance; and an anterior band, limited adapically by a spiral band of red blotches. Animal black, speckled with pink dots and large whitish blotches with a red margin. The animal coloration, the constantly smaller size, and the 'nivosa' pattern, differentiate this new species from others in the aulica complex. Although originally described by Douté as a form of Cymbiola aulica (Sowerby I, 1825), the authors state that a distance of 600 km separates the newly described species from others in the aulica complex. This taxon is collected in the central part of the Calamian Group, northeast of Palawan, Philippines. Type locality: Coron.

Fulgoraria (Musashia) chinoi Bail, 2000 (La Conchiglia 294-295: 19) - Shell up to 144 mm, solid, uniformly flesh-colored, without pattern. Protoconch of 2 smooth whorls averaging 4 mm in diameter and deviated at 45º from axis of shell. Teleoconch with 5 whorls sculptured with almost straight axial ribs crossed by numerous close-set spiral grooves, giving the surface a faintly cancellate appearance. F. (M.) cancellata Kuroda & Habe,1950 differs, among other characteristics, in having a more rounded outline, a smaller protoconch (average diameter 2.5 mm), a shorter and more convex spire, and different sculpture. F.(M.) clara, an allopatric species, is smaller, lighter and has a sculpture that gives the surface a lustrous appearance. It is also compared to F.(M.) noguchii Hayashi, F.(M.) hirasei (Sowerby III, 1912), and F. (M.) formosana Azuma,1967. Type locality: Off Kuroshima, southwest of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, in 190-350 m.

Lyria patbaili Bouchet, 1999 (The Nautilus 113 (1):1) -Shell up to 72 mm, fusiform. Protoconch large, bulbous. This beautiful new species differs from the other two Lyria inhabiting Madagascar by its much larger protoconch, its narrower teleoconch and more complex color pattern. It resembles L. lyraeformis in its slender shape and complex color pattern of spiral bands and blotches, but it has an even larger protoconch with calcarella-like apical termination, more convex teleoconch whorls, and more numerous brown spiral bands. Type locality: Region of Fort Dauphin, southern Madagascar.

Lyria (Festilyria) aphrodite Bondarev, 1999 (La Conchiglia 290: 11) - The single specimen is 110 mm, light weight, thin, elongate-fusiform with a high turreted spire. Protoconch 4.2 mm in diameter, with 2 1/2 smooth, lavender whorls. Teleoconch whorls stepped, turreted, coronated, the first three sculptured with closely spaced, thin axial ribs, forming sharp tubercles on the shoulder, axial sculpture diminishing in strength and becoming growth marks in later whorls. Base color glossy white, patterned with yellowish-brown axial flammules that cover the length of the shell, and less distinct spiral lines. The thinness and sculpture pattern of the shell, as well as its coloration, distinguish this species from any other Lyria. Type locality: East of Madagascar, Indian Ocean.

Odontocymbiola macaensis Calvo & Coltro, 1997 (Vita Marina 44(3­4): 35) ­ Shell up to 62 mm, elongate, with little variation in size. Protoconch large, 3.84 mm average, with 2­2.5 whorls. Teleoconch with four convex whorls with almost no shoulder knobs. Aperture about 65% of the shell length. "Compared to other species of this group the central cusp (of the radula) is very large, and the number of longitudinal denticles is large, as is the length of the radular ribbon." It is compared with O. cleryana, from which it differs "mainly by having a more apparent columella, a well developed protoconch and a smaller width/length proportion." The authors also state that it is the "only one" found in a depth of more than 90 meters. The species is limited to the Santana Island coast (type locality), Rio de Janeiro Sate, Brazil.

Odontocymbiola saotomensis Calvo & Coltro, 1997 (Vita Marina 44(3­4): 35) ­ Shell up to 55 mm, heavy; protoconch 3.23 mm (average) with 1.5­2 whorls, mammillate. Teleoconch with three convex whorls with broad shoulder knobs. Aperture, about 76% of the shell. Columella with 5 or 6 plicae, well defined in the anterior half of the columella. The radula is very similar to that of O. americana. It differs from other related species by being "more oblong­ovate." It is specifically compared to O. cleryana, from which it differs by "the well defined columella, lower spire, smaller protoconch and smaller width of the central cusp of the radula." The type locality is off North Cape of Sao Tome, Rio de Janeiro Sate, Brazil, in 15­20 meters.

Paramoria johnclarki Bail & Limpus, 1997 (Apex 12(4): 109) ­ Shell up to 43.4 mm, solid, fusiform. It is very similar to, and sympatric with, the well­known Paramoria guntheri. The new species has a dome­shaped but flattened protoconch, narrow aperture and five columellar plaits, while P. weaveri has a dome­shaped, rounded protoconch, a broad aperture and four columellar plaits. The type locality is SW of Esperance, Western Australia, in 35 meters, on sandy bottom.

Scaphella luizcoutoi Coltro, 1998 (Siratus, No.14 (February, 1998) p.3) - Shell scaphelliform, smooth, up to 36.4mm, with approximately 4 whorls. Color white with cream zigzag pattern; aperture white, about 74 percent of shell length. Type locality: Mouchoir Passage, southeast Turks and Caicos Islands. The new species is known from four specimens dredged in 225-250 fathoms.

Comments: The photographs and the size of this distinctive Scaphella suggest that perhaps the type material may be composed of immature specimens.

Scaphella worki Coltro, 1998 (Siratus, No.14 (February, 1998)p. 6) - Shell up to 56 mm; scaphelliform, elongated, rather heavily shouldered. Pale cream with irregular brown squares. The author compares the new species with S. robusta , which differs from S. worki in being larger and in having an elongated rather than an elliptical aperture. The type locality is the Mississippi Fan, Gulf of Mexico, off Louisiana, in 200-250 fathoms.

Comments: Although the genus Scaphella is among the most conservative in color characteristics in the Volutidae, such species as S. dubia are extremely variable in shape, including specimens having sharp shoulders. This new taxon may turn out to be an ecomorph of S. robusta.

CANCELLARIIDAE

Cancellaria mediamericana Petuch, 1998 (The Nautilus 111(1): 35) ­ This species is most similar to the well­known Cancellaria reticulata but, according to the author, differs from it in having a more inflated shell with a wider aperture; has only two columellar folds, with the large posterior fold being flattened and keel­like, while C. reticulata has three folds with the large central fold being characteristically bifid; the protoconch is large, inflated, and bulbous with a slight flexure away from the main axis, while that of C. reticulata is proportionately smaller, tightly cylindrical in form, composed of three whorls, and aligned with the main shell axis. In the new species the shell is marked with three solid color bands, while in C. reticulata the color bands are discontinuous, broken in a series of separate, large, rectangular maculations. Distribution: At present known only from the beach areas near Bragman's Bluff and Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, but may extend southward to Bluefields, Nicaragua.

Comments: This must be a very geographically­restricted species. I have in my collection specimens from Punta Patuca, Honduras, and also from Nicaragua (Lat. 14 degrees 20 minutes, 180 ft.) which conform to the description of C. reticulata.

Merica lussii Petit & Harasewych, 2000 (The Nautilus 114(4):142) - Shell to 35 mm, thin, biconic, elongate. Spire high, comprising one-half of total shell length. Protoconch of 2.5 elongated whorls, deviating from coiling axis by 4 degrees. Similar to M. oblonga (Sowerby, 1825) but having a broader shell with a stepped spire, a proportionally shorter but broader aperture, and a deeply impressed sutural canal. Merica lussii lacks the closely packed strong axial ribs that produce the finely beaded surface characteristic of M. oblonga. Type locality: Off Park Rynie, about 80 km S of Durban, South Africa, dredged in 150 meters.

Merica deynzeri Petit & Harasewych, 2000 (The Nautilus 114(4):145) - Shell to 35 mm, thick, biconic, weakly pseudo-umbilicate. Protoconch of 2.25 evenly rounded, glassy whorls, deviated from coiling axis by about 14 degrees. This new species is distinctive in having a well-developed sutural margin strongly rounded to form a deeply impressed sutural canal. It is similar to, but stockier than M. oblonga, from which it can also be distinguished by its much stronger and coarser axial and spiral sculpture, and by its more rounded aperture. A notable feature of M. deynzeri is the lack of color bands that are characteristic of most species of Merica. Type locality: Off Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, in approximately 200 meters.

Merica ektyphos Petit & Harasewych, 2000 (The Nautilus 114(4):147) - Shell to 33 mm, very thick, globose, pseudo-umbilicate. Protoconch paucispiral, of 2.5 low, evenly rounded whorls, whorls deviated from coiling axis by about 8 degrees. This new species can be distinguished from all known species of Merica by the thickness of its shell and the strength of its sculpture. In outline it is closest to M. westralis (Garrard, 1975), from which it differs in having a much coarser axial and spiral sculpture, a straighter columella with stronger folds, and a body whorl that is less constricted behind the siphonal fasciole. Type locality: Off Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, in approximately 200 meters.

TEREBRIDAE

Hastula denizi Rolán & Gubbioli, 2000 (La Conchiglia 294-295: 94) - Shell up to 20 mm. Protoconch smooth, with less than 2 whorls. Teleoconch up to 9 whorls, whorls moderately convex, with a shallow suture; first five whorls with inconspicuous axial ribs, diminishing in size and number, almost disappearing after the fifth whorl and replaced from there on by growth lines. Siphonal canal short and wide. Shell white or cream, usually with brown blotches below the suture. The paucispiral protoconch separates this species from other West African Hastula; and although some Terebra species have such a characteristic, the sculpture is quite different. Type locality: Between El Aaiun and Dahkla, Western Sahara, in 50-60 m.

Terebra fernandae Aubry, 1995 (World Shells, June, 1995, p.48) - Shell up to 34mm in length; color white with irregularly distributed brown specks. The author considers it closest to T. elliscrossi Bratcher, which differs in having a protoconch of 3 whorls vs. 2 in fernandae. The sculpture of elliscrossi is smoother and with three to four spiral cords intersected by weak axial threads, forming a fine, cancellate sculpture. T. fernandae has two rows of nodules united vertically by axial ribbing, forming as a whole a honeycombed pattern. The columella in fernandae is very curved, almost forming a hook; it is less so in elliscrossi. This species was dredged in deep water off Cape Ras Hafun, northern Somalia.

Terebra moolenbeeki Aubry, 1995 (World Shells, September, 1995, p. 30) Shell 23mm in length; it is wide for the genus, with an apical angle of about 25 degree; ground color light brown with a wide, white subsutural band; this color can also be sporadically found between the interspaces of the axial ribs. Subsutural groove absent; axial ribs well developed, widely spaced and intersected by 10-11 spiral grooves. Body whorl very long, almost 2.5 times the length of the penultimate whorl. This unique species was collected in Playa Nancite, Santa Rosa, "Guanac" Province (Probably Guanacaste Province), Costa Rica.

Terebra mugridgeae García, 1999 (APEX 14(3-4):59-65) - Shell small, up to 16.1 mm in length; rather thin. Multispiral protoconch, with four whorls rapidly increasing in size; last whorl as wide as first teleoconch whorl. Columella recurved, developing two folds in largest specimen. Aperture quadrate. Shell pale tan, with a darker peripheral band and a second, narrower band at base of last whorl. T. mugridgeae differs from other Terebra species in the western Atlantic by its multispiral protoconch of four whorls. Type locality: Off Mississippi, in 18 meters.

Terebra russoi Aubry, 1991 (La Conchiglia, January-March,1991, p. 32) - Known from only one specimen collected in Bohol Straits, Philippines, this 60 mm shell is dirty white, with brown spots at sutures between the moderately curved, rounded axial ribs. The ribs run from suture to suture. Body whorl with a brown band at center, which shows at anterior edge of earlier whorls. Axial ribs cut by incised spiral lines, forming a cancellate pattern.

Terebra veliae Aubry, 1991 (La Conchiglia, January-March, 1991, p. 32) - Holotype 18mm; shell fragile, smooth, ivory white with protoconch and first four and a half whorls pale violet; protoconch of one and one half whorls; suture deep. The very smooth shell and the violet color of early whorls differentiate this from other species. Known only from Margaret River, southwest Australia.

Terebra whiteheadae Aubry & Marquet, 1995 (World Shells, June, 1995, p. 18) - Holotype 34mm in length, glossy; protoconch of 4 whorls; ground color light to dark brown, with a white, knobbed subsutural band speckled with randomly placed brown spots; well defined, curved axial ribs which terminate at a thin white bands that encircles the shell at posterior edge of aperture; 3-8 spiral grooves which do not intersect. It is compared with 9 other species of Terebra, from which it differs in number of protoconch whorls, sculpture and/or coloration. The species is found in northwestern Australia.

TURRIDAE

Crassispirinae
Pseudexomilus fuscoapicatus Morassi, 1997 (La Conchiglia 29 (283): 12) - Shell up to 16 mm, claviform, with an elongated spire, a blunt apex, and a strongly contracted short base. Protoconch large, dome-shaped. First protoconch whorl with spiral striae. First teleoconch whorl with numerous cords split into small tubercules. The base of the body whorl with spiral lirae of variable strengths and thin, interstitial, small cords. Color variable, from light orange to uniform dark brown; main spiral lirae may have dash markings of brown alternating with nodules. Type locality, off Mogadishu, Somalia, in 150-200 m.

Drillinae
Inquisitor rubens Morassi, 1998 (La Conchiglia 30(289):43) -Holotype 21.4 mm; shell with at least 8.5 teleoconch whorls; shoulder sulcus rather narrow, deeply concave; fasciole strong. Color brownish-orange; axial ribs and nodules ivory white; interior of outer lip pale orange-yellow. It closely resembles I. subangustata (Schepman, l913) in teleoconch sculpture but differs in having a much less produced base with a strong fasciole, deep false umbilicus and much expanded inner lip. Type locality: Dredged off Aden in 200 to 400 m.

Pseudomelatominae
Genota marchandi Pin, 1996 (La Conchiglia, April-June, 1996, p. 55) - To 74.8mm, fusiform, greyish, somewhat shiny, with two slightly darker bands near the base and middle of last whorl. Interior of aperture is purple; lip has a cream-coloured border. This new species in extremely close to other known species of Genota from West Africa. It seems closest to G. afra. According to the author, the new species differs by its more conspicuous axial and spiral ribs, more conspicuous nodules, coloration, and protoconch. The description makes no mention of protoconch characteristics. Has been collected in the Casamance region of Senegal, in Ghana and in Angola.

Turriculinae
Comitas ilariae Bozzetti, 1991 (La Conchiglia, January-March, 1991, p. 26) - General shape typical of the genus and up to 84.4 mm in length; axial sculpture of pronounced, elongated ribs, 7-9 on each whorl; spiral sculpture of dense cords, well evident inside aperture due to the thinness of the shell. Ground color hazel-nut, with darker spiral lines, at times appearing as bands; lightest band on periphery of ribs. It is compared to other Comitas, from which it differs by the presence of a shoulder on the spire and denser and less strong axial ribs. The type locality is Bohol Island, Philippines, in 100-150 meters.

HYDATINIDAE

Hydatina exquisita Voskuil, 1995 (Vita Marina 43(1­2): 36)­ Shell small, not exceeding 21 mm; very globose and thin. Colored with black and purplish spiral bands on body whorl and a narrow white band below the suture and at anterior end. Usually identified in collections as H. amplustre, it differs from this species in having three solid blackish bands over the body whorl instead of three white bands bordered by black lines. The new species is also more globose, and the anterior end of the columella is directed slightly to the right, instead of to the left, as is the case in H. amplustre. It is known only from the Marquesas Islands.